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1st battle of verdun4/29/2023 Starting in August 1914, in the countries that had entered the war, women were called on to replace a very high number of farm workers in the countryside (in France, for example, farmers represented 41 percent of the active population) who had been mobilized for combat by conscription or by voluntary enlistment, depending on the country. In Canada, one of the forms of this total war was the internment in isolated camps of whole families of immigrant origin, including many citizens of the territories of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. This involvement, of a multifaceted, transformative nature, has been an historical research subject in its own right for several decades now. The extent of the involvement of civilians, who represented up to 80 percent of the respective populations, was unprecedented in world history. ![]() ![]() We can even speak of two mobilizations that indubitably made the First World War a unique mass phenomenon. Publishers use these marks when books are returned to them.From our contemporary viewpoint, the designation of the First World War as the “Great War” is justified not so much by the duration of the conflict-after all, the expression dates from as early as 1915-but by the universal mobilization it entailed, engaging not only all the able-bodied men in the belligerent countries but also the civilian populations, who were just as indispensable in supporting the war effort. Remainder Mark - A remainder mark is usually a small black line or dot written with a felt tip pen or Sharpie on the top, bottom, side page edges and sometimes on the UPC symbol on the back of the book.If excessively worn, they will be marked as "tray worn." Flat trays for SPI games are not graded, and have the usual problems.If excessively worn, they will be marked as "card worn." The cardboard backing of miniature packs is not graded.In most cases, boxed games and box sets do not come with dice.Due to the nature of loose counters, if a game is unplayable it may be returned for a refund of the purchase price. Boardgame counters are punched, unless noted.Major defects and/or missing components are noted separately.Example, EX+ is an item between Excellent and Near Mint condition. A "plus" sign indicates that an item is close to the next highest condition.When only one condition is listed, then the box and contents are in the same condition. Boxed items are listed as "code/code" where the first code represents the box, and the second code describes the contents. ![]() Units are rated for morale, attack, defense and movement. Game pieces represent regiments and a handful of battalions. Elite troops have numerous advantages, and morale is a vital component of the game. Artillery bombardment and assault combat take place separately. This new game system has the clean play of the designer’s masterpiece, Defiant Russia, and is crafted to fit the nature of combat in 1916. The French Second Army stood firm, commanded by Henri Petain, who issued the famous order, “They shall not pass.” ![]() Fall Gericht, which translates as “Place of Execution,” would bleed France white by a simple battle of attrition, without regard to the suffering of his own soldiers.įor ten months, the German Fifth Army hurled itself against the old fortress city, its commander kept in the dark about the offensive’s true goal. The German commander-in-chief, Erich von Falkenhayn, conceived one of the most cold-hearted plans in military history. In early 1916, the German and French armies faced each other in what appeared to be a stalemate.
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